Screening for extracts with insect antifeedant properties in native plants from central Argentina

Se evaluaron los extractos etanólicos obtenidos de las partes aéreas de 64 plantas de la región Central de Argentina, como antialimentarios de insectos mediante ensayos de elección, contra Epilachna paenulata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Los extractos derivados de Achyrocline satureioides (Asteraceae), Baccharis coridifolia (Asteraceae), Baccharis flabellata (Asteraceae), Ruprechtia apetala (Polygonaceae) y Vernonanthura nudiflora (Asteraceae) mostraron mas de 97% de inhibición de la alimentación de E. paenulata a 100 μg/cm2. Estos extractos fueron posteriormente evaluados en su efectividad contra Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Todos ellos, con excepción del extracto de A. satureioides, afectaron negativamente el comportamiento alimentario de S. frugiperda a 100 μg/cm2.Ethanol extracts obtained from aerial parts of 64 native plants from Central Argentina were tested for their insect antifeedant activity against Epilachna paenulata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) by choice test. Extracts derived from Achyrocline satureioides (Asteraceae), Baccharis coridifolia (Asteraceae), Baccharis flabellata (Asteraceae), Ruprechtia apetala (Polygonaceae) and Vernonanthura nudiflora (Asteraceae), showed more than 97% inhibition of the feeding of E. paenulata at 100 μg/cm2 . These active extracts were further evaluated for their effectiveness against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). All these extracts except for that derived from A. satureioides, negatively influenced the feeding behavior of S. frugiperda at 100 μg/cm2 .Fil: del Corral, Soledad. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Diaz Napal, Georgina Natalia. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zaragoza, Mariano. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Carpinella, Maria Cecilia. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Gustavo Miguel. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Palacios, Sara Maria. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of native plants from central Argentina: Isolation of an active principle from Lithrea molleoides

Screening of 91 native plants from central Argentina was carried out with the aim of finding new sources of anti-tyrosinase compounds. Extracts obtained from Achyrocline satureioides, Artemisia verlotiorum, Cotoneaster glaucophylla, Dalea elegans, Flourensia campestris, Jodina rhombifolia, Kageneckia lanceolata, Lepechinia floribunda, Lepechinia meyenii, Lithrea molleoides, Porlieria microphylla, Pterocaulon alopecuroides, Ruprechtia apetala, Senna aphylla, Sida rhombifolia, Solanum argentinum, Tagetes minuta and Thalictrum decipiens exhibited more than 90% inhibition of tyrosinase monophenolase activity at 1000 μg ml-1. D. elegans, L. meyenii and L. molleoides were the most potent with IC50 values of 0.48, 10.43 and 3.77 μg ml-1, respectively. D. elegans, L. molleoides and T. decipiens also showed more than 90% inhibition of diphenolase activity at 1000 μg ml-1, with the first of these being the most effective (IC50 = 49.27 μg ml-1). (Z,Z)-5-(trideca-4,7-dienyl)-resorcinol (1) was isolated from L. molleoides as an effective tyrosinase inhibitor with l-tyrosine or l-DOPA as substrates (IC50 = 0.49 and 14.94 μg ml-1, respectively). Compound 1 was 37 times more active in monophenolase inhibitory activity than kojic acid used as a reference. Effective extracts as well as (Z,Z)-5-(trideca-4,7-dienyl)-resorcinol could prove to be promising preservative agents for use in the food industry.Fil: Chiari, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Joray, Mariana Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Gustavo Miguel. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Palacios, Sara Maria. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Carpinella, Maria Cecilia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

Mechanism Underlying the Reversal of Drug Resistance in P-Glycoprotein-Expressing Leukemia Cells by Pinoresinol and the Study of a Derivative

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a membrane protein associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) due to its key role in mediating the traffic of chemotherapeutic drugs outside cancer cells, leading to a cellular response that hinders efforts toward successful therapy. With the aim of finding agents that circumvent the MDR phenotype mediated by P-gp, 15 compounds isolated from native and naturalized plants of Argentina were screened. Among these, the non-cytotoxic lignan (±) pinoresinol successfully restored sensitivity to doxorubicin from 7 μM in the P-gp overexpressed human myelogenous leukemia cells, Lucena 1. This resistance-reversing effect was confirmed by competitively increasing the intracellular doxorubicin accumulation and by significantly inhibiting the efflux of doxorubicin and, to a lesser extent, that of rhodamine 123. The activity obtained was similar to that observed with verapamil. No such results were observed in the sensitive parental K562 cell line. To gain deeper insight into the mode of action of pinoresinol, its effect on P-gp function and expression was examined. The docking simulations indicated that the lignan bound to P-gp at the apex of the V-shaped transmembrane cavity, involving transmembrane helices 4, 5, and 6, and partially overlapped the binding region of tariquidar, which was used as a positive control. These results would shed some light on the nature of its interaction with P-gp at molecular level and merit further mechanistic and kinetic studies. In addition, it showed a maximum 29% activation of ATP hydrolysis and antagonized verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity with an IC50 of 20.9 μM. On the other hand, pinoresinol decreased the presence of P-gp in the cell surface. Derivatives of pinoresinol with improved activity were identified by docking studies. The most promising one, the non-cytotoxic 1-acetoxypinoresinol, caused a reversion of doxorubicin resistance from 0.11 μM and thus higher activity than the lead compound. It also caused a significant increase in doxorubicin accumulation. Results were similar to those observed with verapamil. The results obtained positioned these compounds as potential candidates for effective agents to overcome P-gp-mediated MDR, leading to better outcomes for leukemia chemotherapy.Fil: González, María Laura. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Domingo Mariano Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Laiolo, Jerónimo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Joray, Mariana Belén. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Maccioni, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Palacios, Sara Maria. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Molina, Gabriela. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Lanza Castronuovo, Priscila Ailin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Gancedo, Samanta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Rumjanek, Vivian. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Carpinella, Maria Cecilia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Piezochromic properties of pyridil divinyl anthracene derivatives: a joint Raman and DFT study

Piezochromic materials, which show color changes resulting from external pressure or mechanical grinding, are of great interest from a scientific viewpoint owing to their potential applications as pressure-sensing and optical-recording systems.[1] It has been recently discovered solid-state fluorescence properties and piezochromic luminescence in a family of 9,10-Bis((E)-n-(pyrid-2-yl)vinyl)anthracene, BPnVA (n=2 orto-,3 metha- and 4 para-) compounds, see Figure 1.[2] The crystal structures indicate that the three compounds with varying position of the nitrogen on the external pyridyl exhibit different molecular packing modes. In this work, we aim at providing further insight into the interplay played by the molecular and supramolecular structural changes and the luminescence changes observed under pressure by using a combined experimental-theoretical approach that links Raman spectroscopy with DFT calculations.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Phytotoxic halimanes isolated from Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pad.) Pers.

From the EtOH extract of the medicinal native plant, Baccharis salicifolia, two novel halimane-type diterpenoids, salicifolic acid (1) and 5-hydroxy-6-hydro-salicifolic acid (2) together with the known compounds sakuranetin (3), apigenin (4) and scopoletin (5) were bioguided isolated against Panicum miliaceum (monocotyledonous). The structures of 1 and 2 were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The effective concentration for 50% inhibition of germination (ECg 50) and the root (ECr 50) and shoot (ECs 50) elongations was determined for 1-5 against P. miliaceum and Raphanus sativus (dicotyledonous). Compound 2 was the most active in the inhibition of germination of P. miliaceum (ECg 50 = 1 mM), followed by 1, 5 and 3, although 1 was the most effective in regulating the growth of P. miliaceum seedlings, with a ECr 50 and ECs 50 values of 1.8 and 6.6 mM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 3 were the only samples capable of inhibiting the germination of R. sativus, while seedling development was affected by 1, 2, and 3 with different effectiveness.Fil: del Corral, Soledad. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cuffini, Silvia Lucia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil. Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica. Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cardoso, Simone G.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Bortoluzzi, Adailton J.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Palacios, Sara Maria. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad José Sanchez Labrador S. J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad José Sanchez Labrador S. J.; Argentin

P53 tumor suppressor is required for efficient execution of the death program following treatment with a cytotoxic limonoid obtained from Melia azedarach

This work examines the antitumor activity of an isomeric mixture (1), composed of the limonoids meliartenin and its interchangeable isomer 12-hydroxyamoorastatin. The results obtained showed that 1 displayed outstanding cytotoxic activity against CCRF-CEM, K562, A549 and HCT116 cells, with a highly selective effect on the latter, with an IC50 value of 0.2 μM. Based on this finding, HCT116 cells were selected to study the mechanism of action of 1. Cell cycle analysis revealed that 1 induced sustained arrest in the S-phase, which was followed by the triggering of apoptotic cell death and reduced clonogenic capacity. This cytotoxicity was seen to be preceded by the upregulation of the tumor suppressor p53 and its target effector p21. In addition, it was found that p53 expression was required for efficient cell death induction, and thus that the toxicity of 1 relies mainly on p53-dependent mechanisms. Taken together, these findings position 1 as a potent antitumor agent, with potential for the development of novel chemotherapeutic drugs based on the induction of S-phase arrest.Fil: Joray, Mariana Belén. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Villafañez, Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: González, María Laura. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Crespo, Maria Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Laiolo, Jerónimo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Palacios, Sara Maria. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bocco, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Soria, Ramiro Gaston. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Carpinella, Maria Cecilia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Antifeedant effect of plant extracts on the poultry pest Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): An exploratory study

En este estudio exploratorio se evaluó la actividad antialimentaria de nueve extractos etanólicos de plantas nativas de la región central de Argentina sobre Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer)(Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae), buscando alternativas de manejo de bajo impacto ambiental para esta plaga.In this exploratory study, the antifeedant activity of ethanolic extracts of nine plants native from central region of Argentina on Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was evaluated, looking for low environmental impact management alternatives. Adults of A. diaperinus were exposed to food treated with the extracts to assess whether feeding behaviour and survival were altered. None of the extracts affected adult survival. However, the extracts of Gaillardia megapotamica, Vernonanthura nudiflora, Baccharis artemisioides, Lithraea molleoides, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia had a strong antifeedant effect (92-96%). The other extracts evaluated slightly affected (50-55%) the food consumption. The extracts of G. megapotamica and B. artemisioides were administered with the food to the fifth larval stage to assess whether they affect survival, feeding behaviour, and weight of immature forms. The B. artemisioides extract generated a marked deterrent effect of feeding on the larvae (76%) during the first week of experimentation, although the effect weakened over time. On the other hand, G. megapotamica produced a moderate deterrent effect (41-74%) throughout the experiment. The extracts also affected weight, survival, and number of larval exuviae in relation to the control.Fil: Fernández, Nahuel Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Defagó, María Teresa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Palacios, Sara Maria. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad José Sanchez Labrador S. J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad José Sanchez Labrador S. J.; ArgentinaFil: Arena, Julieta Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Mapping of mechanical properties of cement paste microstructures

The presented study is related to the EU 7 th Framework Programme CODICE (COmputationally Driven design of Innovative CEment-based materials). The main aim of the project is the development of a multi-scale model for the computer based simulation of mechanical and durability performance of cementitious materials. This paper reports results of micro/nano scale characterisation and mechanical property mapping of cementitious skeletons formed by the cement hydration at different ages. Using the statistical nanoindentation and micro-mechanical property mapping technique, intrinsic properties of different hydrate phases, and also the possible interaction (or overlapping) of different phases (e.g. calcium-silcate-hydrates) has been studied. Results of the mapping and statistical indentation testing appear to suggest the possible existence of more hydrate phases than the commonly reported LD and HD C-S-H and CH phase

Hydration of C3S, C2S and their Blends. Micro- and Nanoscale Characterization

This study forms part of wider research conducted under a EU 7 th Framework Programme (COmputationally Driven design of Innovative CEment-based materials or CODICE). The ultimate aim is the multi-scale modelling of the variations in mechanical performance in degraded and non-degraded cementitious matrices. The model is being experimentally validated by hydrating the main tri-calcium silicate (T1-C3S) and bi-calcium silicate (β-C2S), phases present in Portland cement and their blends. The present paper discusses micro- and nanoscale studies of the cementitious skeletons forming during the hydration of C3S, C2S and 70 % / 30 % blends of both C3S/C2S and C2S/C3S with a water/cement ratio of 0.4. The hydrated pastes were characterized at different curing ages with 29 Si NMR, SEM/TEM/EDS, BET, and nanoindentation. The findings served as a basis for the micro- and nanoscale characterization of the hydration products formed, especially C-S-H gels. Differences were identified in composition, structure and mechanical behaviour (nanoindentation), depending on whether the gels formed in C3S or C2S pastes. The C3S gels had more compact morphologies, smaller BET-N2 specific surface area and lesser porosity than the gels from C2S-rich pastes. The results of nanoindentation tests appear to indicate that the various C-S-H phases formed in hydrated C3S and C2S have the same mechanical properties as those formed in Portland cement paste. Compared to the C3S sample, the hydrated C2S specimen was dominated by the loose-packed (LP) and the low-density (LD) C-S-H phases, and had a much lower content of the high density (HD) C-S-H phas

Responses to Increased Salinity and Severe Drought in the Eastern Iberian Endemic Species Thalictrum maritimum (Ranunculaceae), Threatened by Climate Change

[EN] Thalictrum maritimum is an endangered, endemic species in East Spain, growing in areas of relatively low salinity in littoral salt marshes. A regression of its populations and the number of individuals has been registered in the last decade. This study aimed at establishing the causes of this reduction using a multidisciplinary approach, including climatic, ecological, physiological and biochemical analyses. The climatic data indicated that there was a direct negative correlation between increased drought, especially during autumn, and the number of individuals censused in the area of study. The susceptibility of this species to water deficit was confirmed by the analysis of growth parameters upon a water deficit treatment applied under controlled greenhouse conditions, with the plants withstanding only 23 days of complete absence of irrigation. On the other hand, increased salinity does not seem to be a risk factor for this species, which behaves as a halophyte, tolerating in controlled treatments salinities much higher than those registered in its natural habitat. The most relevant mechanisms of salt tolerance in T. maritimum appear to be based on the control of ion transport, by (i) the active transport of toxic ions to the aerial parts of the plants at high external salinity¿where they are presumably stored in the leaf vacuoles to avoid their deleterious effects in the cytosol, (ii) the maintenance of K+ concentrations in belowground and aboveground organs, despite the increase of Na+ levels, and (iii) the salt-induced accumulation of Ca2+, particularly in stems and leaves. This study provides useful information for the management of the conservation plans of this rare and endangered species.This research was funded by GENERALITAT VALENCIANA, grant number AICO/2017/039, to M. Boscaiu.González-Orenga, S.; Trif, C.; Donat-Torres, MP.; Llinares Palacios, JV.; Collado, F.; Ferrer-Gallego, PP.; Laguna, E.... (2020). Responses to Increased Salinity and Severe Drought in the Eastern Iberian Endemic Species Thalictrum maritimum (Ranunculaceae), Threatened by Climate Change. Plants. 9(10):1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101251S124910Laguna Lumbreras, E., & Ferrer Gallego, P. P. (2015). Global environmental change in the unique flora: Endangered plant communities in the Valencia region. Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació, 0(6). doi:10.7203/metode.6.4127Gómez Mercado, F., de Haro Lozano, S., & López-Carrique, E. (2017). Impacts of future climate scenarios on hypersaline habitats and their conservation interest. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26(11), 2717-2734. doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1382-0Dufour, M. L. (1860). Diagnoses Et Observations Critiques Sur Quelques Plantes D’Espagne Mal Connues Ou Nouvelles. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 7(4), 221-227. doi:10.1080/00378941.1860.10826242FORTE GIL, J. A., YABOR, L., BELLIDO NADAL, A., COLLADO, F., FERRER-GALLEGO, P., VICENTE, O., & BOSCAIU, M. (2017). A Methodological Approach for Testing the Viability of Seeds Stored in Short-Term Seed Banks. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 9(4), 563-570. doi:10.15835/nsb9410173Conselleria de Medi Ambient, Aigua, Urbanisme i Habitatge, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia http://bdb.gva.es/Lionello, P., & Scarascia, L. (2018). The relation between climate change in the Mediterranean region and global warming. Regional Environmental Change, 18(5), 1481-1493. doi:10.1007/s10113-018-1290-1Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System, 1996−2020, S. Rivas-Martinez & S. Rivas-Saenz, Phytosociological Research Center, Spain http://www.globalbioclimatics.orgThe Agroclimatic Information System for Irrigation (SIAR, Sistema de Información Agroclimática para Regadío), Benifaió, Llíria and Moncada Agro-Meteorological Stations http://eportal.miteco.gob.es/websiar/Inicio.aspxAl Hassan, M., Chaura, J., López-Gresa, M. P., Borsai, O., Daniso, E., Donat-Torres, M. P., … Boscaiu, M. (2016). Native-Invasive Plants vs. Halophytes in Mediterranean Salt Marshes: Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Two Related Species. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00473Kozminska, A., Al Hassan, M., Hanus-Fajerska, E., Naranjo, M. A., Boscaiu, M., & Vicente, O. (2018). Comparative analysis of water deficit and salt tolerance mechanisms in Silene. South African Journal of Botany, 117, 193-206. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2018.05.022González-Orenga, S., Llinares, J. V., Al Hassan, M., Fita, A., Collado, F., Lisón, P., … Boscaiu, M. (2020). Physiological and morphological characterisation of Limonium species in their natural habitats: Insights into their abiotic stress responses. Plant and Soil, 449(1-2), 267-284. doi:10.1007/s11104-020-04486-4Zheng, Q., Liu, L., Liu, Z., Chen, J., & Zhao, G. (2009). Comparison of the response of ion distribution in the tissues and cells of the succulent plants Aloe vera and Salicornia europaea to saline stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 172(6), 875-883. doi:10.1002/jpln.200900122González-Orenga, S., Ferrer-Gallego, P. P., Laguna, E., López-Gresa, M. P., Donat-Torres, M. P., Verdeguer, M., … Boscaiu, M. (2019). Insights on Salt Tolerance of Two Endemic Limonium Species from Spain. Metabolites, 9(12), 294. doi:10.3390/metabo9120294Flowers, T. J., & Colmer, T. D. (2008). Salinity tolerance in halophytes*. New Phytologist, 179(4), 945-963. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02531.xFlowers, T. J., Troke, P. F., & Yeo, A. R. (1977). The Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Halophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 28(1), 89-121. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.28.060177.000513Greenway, H., & Munns, R. (1980). Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Nonhalophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 31(1), 149-190. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.31.060180.001053Wu, H., Zhang, X., Giraldo, J. P., & Shabala, S. (2018). It is not all about sodium: revealing tissue specificity and signalling roles of potassium in plant responses to salt stress. Plant and Soil, 431(1-2), 1-17. doi:10.1007/s11104-018-3770-yBrenes, M., Solana, A., Boscaiu, M., Fita, A., Vicente, O., Calatayud, Á., … Plazas, M. (2020). Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress in Cultivated Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and in S. insanum L., a Close Wild Relative. Agronomy, 10(5), 651. doi:10.3390/agronomy10050651RENGEL, Z. (1992). The role of calcium in salt toxicity. Plant, Cell and Environment, 15(6), 625-632. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01004.xBressan, R. A., Hasegawa, P. M., & Pardo, J. M. (1998). Plants use calcium to resolve salt stress. Trends in Plant Science, 3(11), 411-412. doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(98)01331-4Hepler, P. K. (2005). Calcium: A Central Regulator of Plant Growth and Development. The Plant Cell, 17(8), 2142-2155. doi:10.1105/tpc.105.032508Mahajan, S., Pandey, G. K., & Tuteja, N. (2008). Calcium- and salt-stress signaling in plants: Shedding light on SOS pathway. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 471(2), 146-158. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2008.01.010González-Orenga, S., Al Hassan, M., Llinares, J. V., Lisón, P., López-Gresa, M. P., Verdeguer, M., … Boscaiu, M. (2019). Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in Osmolytes Accumulation and Antioxidant Activities in Response to Water Deficit in Four Mediterranean Limonium Species. Plants, 8(11), 506. doi:10.3390/plants8110506Zhu, J.-K. (2001). Plant salt tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 6(2), 66-71. doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(00)01838-0Ashraf, M., & Foolad, M. R. (2007). Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59(2), 206-216. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.12.006CHEN, T. H. H., & MURATA, N. (2010). Glycinebetaine protects plants against abiotic stress: mechanisms and biotechnological applications. Plant, Cell & Environment, 34(1), 1-20. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02232.xSzabados, L., & Savouré, A. (2010). Proline: a multifunctional amino acid. Trends in Plant Science, 15(2), 89-97. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2009.11.009Apel, K., & Hirt, H. (2004). REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES: Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Signal Transduction. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 55(1), 373-399. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701Foyer, C. H., & Noctor, G. (2005). Redox Homeostasis and Antioxidant Signaling: A Metabolic Interface between Stress Perception and Physiological Responses. The Plant Cell, 17(7), 1866-1875. doi:10.1105/tpc.105.033589Asada, K. (2006). Production and Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species in Chloroplasts and Their Functions. Plant Physiology, 141(2), 391-396. doi:10.1104/pp.106.082040Gill, S. S., & Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(12), 909-930. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.016Bose, J., Rodrigo-Moreno, A., & Shabala, S. (2013). ROS homeostasis in halophytes in the context of salinity stress tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65(5), 1241-1257. doi:10.1093/jxb/ert430Shabala, S. (2009). Salinity and programmed cell death: unravelling mechanisms for ion specific signalling. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(3), 709-712. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp013Demidchik, V., Shabala, S. N., & Davies, J. M. (2007). Spatial variation in H2O2 response of Arabidopsis thaliana root epidermal Ca2+ flux and plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. The Plant Journal, 49(3), 377-386. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02971.xYu, J., Chen, S., Zhao, Q., Wang, T., Yang, C., Diaz, C., … Dai, S. (2011). Physiological and Proteomic Analysis of Salinity Tolerance in Puccinellia tenuiflora. Journal of Proteome Research, 10(9), 3852-3870. doi:10.1021/pr101102pKumari, A., Das, P., Parida, A. K., & Agarwal, P. K. (2015). Proteomics, metabolomics, and ionomics perspectives of salinity tolerance in halophytes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6. doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00537Ozgur, R., Uzilday, B., Sekmen, A. H., & Turkan, I. (2013). Reactive oxygen species regulation and antioxidant defence in halophytes. Functional Plant Biology, 40(9), 832. doi:10.1071/fp12389Alscher, R. G. (2002). Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(372), 1331-1341. doi:10.1093/jexbot/53.372.1331Jaleel, C. A., Riadh, K., Gopi, R., Manivannan, P., Inès, J., Al-Juburi, H. J., … Panneerselvam, R. (2009). Antioxidant defense responses: physiological plasticity in higher plants under abiotic constraints. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 31(3), 427-436. doi:10.1007/s11738-009-0275-6Del Rio, D., Stewart, A. J., & Pellegrini, N. (2005). A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 15(4), 316-328. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.05.003Arbona, V., Flors, V., Jacas, J., García-Agustín, P., & Gómez-Cadenas, A. (2003). Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Antioxidant Responses of Carrizo citrange, a Salt-Sensitive Citrus Rootstock, to Different Levels of Salinity. Plant and Cell Physiology, 44(4), 388-394. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcg059Al Hassan, M., Chaura, J., Donat-Torres, M. P., Boscaiu, M., & Vicente, O. (2017). Antioxidant responses under salinity and drought in three closely related wild monocots with different ecological optima. AoB PLANTS, 9(2). doi:10.1093/aobpla/plx009Bautista, I., Boscaiu, M., Lidón, A., Llinares, J. V., Lull, C., Donat, M. P., … Vicente, O. (2015). Environmentally induced changes in antioxidant phenolic compounds levels in wild plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 38(1). doi:10.1007/s11738-015-2025-2Gil, R., Bautista, I., Boscaiu, M., Lidon, A., Wankhade, S., Sanchez, H., … Vicente, O. (2014). Responses of five Mediterranean halophytes to seasonal changes in environmental conditions. AoB PLANTS, 6(0), plu049-plu049. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu049Euro+Med (2006+): Euro+Med PlantBase—The Information Resource for Euro-Mediterranean Plant Diversity http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer Method Improved for Making Particle Size Analyses of Soils 1. Agronomy Journal, 54(5), 464-465. doi:10.2134/agronj1962.00021962005400050028xWALKLEY, A., & BLACK, I. A. (1934). AN EXAMINATION OF THE DEGTJAREFF METHOD FOR DETERMINING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, AND A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF THE CHROMIC ACID TITRATION METHOD. Soil Science, 37(1), 29-38. doi:10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003LICHTENTHALER, H. K., & WELLBURN, A. R. (1983). Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions, 11(5), 591-592. doi:10.1042/bst0110591Weimberg, R. (1987). Solute adjustments in leaves of two species of wheat at two different stages of growth in response to salinity. Physiologia Plantarum, 70(3), 381-388. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb02832.xBates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., & Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39(1), 205-207. doi:10.1007/bf00018060DuBois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., & Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28(3), 350-356. doi:10.1021/ac60111a017Hodges, D. M., DeLong, J. M., Forney, C. F., & Prange, R. K. (1999). Improving the thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances assay for estimating lipid peroxidation in plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering compounds. Planta, 207(4), 604-611. doi:10.1007/s004250050524Taulavuori, E., Hellström, E., Taulavuori, K., & Laine, K. (2001). Comparison of two methods used to analyse lipid peroxidation from Vaccinium myrtillus (L.) during snow removal, reacclimation and cold acclimation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(365), 2375-2380. doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.365.2375Blainski, A., Lopes, G., & de Mello, J. (2013). Application and Analysis of the Folin Ciocalteu Method for the Determination of the Total Phenolic Content from Limonium Brasiliense L. Molecules, 18(6), 6852-6865. doi:10.3390/molecules18066852Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., & Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4), 555-559. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(98)00102-2Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72(1-2), 248-254. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3Beyer, W. F., & Fridovich, I. (1987). Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: Some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Analytical Biochemistry, 161(2), 559-566. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(87)90489-1Aebi, H. (1984). [13] Catalase in vitro. Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems, 121-126. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05016-3Connell, J. P., & Mullet, J. E. (1986). Pea Chloroplast Glutathione Reductase: Purification and Characterization. Plant Physiology, 82(2), 351-356. doi:10.1104/pp.82.2.35